Transformation time and memory

• Entropy and reorganization

• Time as a measure of entropy

• Present past and future

• Memory and foresight

• Types of memory

• Cultural heritage as collective memory

• Restoration preserves memory

• Curators edits of collective memory

What is the value of things we preserve

• Aesthetics

• Historic

• Religious

• Symbolic

• Scientific

• Functional

Transformations done to cultural objects

• Recycling and collage of old material

• Anastilosis

• Restoration

• Conservation

• Additions

• Completions

• Adaptive reuse

• Substitutions

Types of Restoration

• Artistic

• Artistic in style

• Scientific

Motivations behind restoration

• Preservation of cultural heritage

• Commercial or economic interest

• Institutional policy

• Nationalism

• Religious motives

• Obsessive behavior

Ethics of restoration

• Veracity and transparency

• Reversibility

• Preserving multiple values of objects

• Cultural heritage as collective human property

• Owners as custodians of the collective property

Wholeness

• When is art or an object whole

  • Original intent of the artist

  • Material integrity

  • Cultural integrity

  • Historical integrity

  • Contextual integrity

• Degradation of integrity

• Potential unity of the (Cesare Brandi)

• Fragmentation

Phases of restoration

• Consolidation

• Cleaning

• Preservative treatments

• Presentation and Integration

Cleaning

• Evaluating necessity

• Does dirt have historical value

• Dirty patch

• Cleaning to last layer of dirt

Presentation and Integration of art (retouching)

• Modulation of lacunae’s tonality

  • Monochromatic

  • Chromatic modulation

  • Chromatic abstraction

• Integration

  • Mimetic

  • Semi-mimetic

• Tratteggio (rigatino)

• Puntini

• Chromatic selection

• Down toned or simplified retouching

• Sculpture, buildings, books, ceramics

Context

• Spatial

• Cultural

• Historical

• Perception

• Psychology

Space of Paintings

• Pictorial plane

• Pictorial space

• Viewers space

Space of Sculpture

• Mass of the sculpture (negative space)

• Surface of the sculpture

• Space of action of the sculpture

• Space of the viewer

• Space transformed by the sculpture

Space of a building

• External space of the building

• Internal space of the building

• Mass of the building (Negative space)

• Viewer’s path

Frames, borders, pedestals, covers, margins

• Protective edge

• Psychological or visual transition

Museums

• Conservation

• Accessibility to the public

• Decontextualization

• Contextualization

• Collections

Copies

• Substitutive

• Reconstructions

• Pedagogic

• Revivals

Completions of Unfinished Objects

• Functionality

• Status of unfinished condition

Strategies of Preservation

• Preservation laws

• Restoration guidelines

• Cultural risk maps

• Dispersion of cultural heritage

Cultural property

• Private

• Heritage of local communities

• National heritage

• World heritage